BREAST CANCER AND NUTRITION

Some recent studies suggest that diet and physical activity are modifiable risk factors for breast cancer prevention, and that obesity increases the risk of breast cancer. Obesity decreases sex hormone-binding globulin (SHGB) levels in postmenopausal women, leading to increased free estrogen levels and increased breast cancer risk.

Some recent studies indicate that diet and physical activity are among the modifiable risk factors for breast cancer prevention, and that obesity increases the risk of breast cancer. Obesity decreases sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in postmenopausal women, leading to increased free estrogen levels and an increased risk of breast cancer.



Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate intake stimulates insulin secretion and affects the activity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and estrogen. Many studies have shown that high IGF levels increase the risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Some studies indicate that a high glycemic index increases the risk of breast cancer. Therefore, be sure to include whole-grain, low-glycemic carbohydrates in your diet, such as whole-wheat bread, whole-wheat pasta, bulgur, oats, and legumes.


Proteins

Proteins are divided into two groups: plant-based and animal-based. Studies have shown that breast cancer is associated with animal protein consumption. It is known that consuming processed and fried red meat, in particular, increases the risk. Therefore, chicken, fish, and turkey should be consumed instead of red meat, and grilling, boiling, or baking should be preferred over frying.


Fats

The risk of breast cancer increases as the amount of fat consumed in the diet increases. However, some studies show that omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of breast cancer. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in oily fish, have been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Therefore, make sure to consume grilled fish two days a week.


Fruits - Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are important sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Studies show that consuming fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of breast cancer. A cancer-protective diet should include at least two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables every day. Choosing seasonal fruits and vegetables is especially important for cancer prevention. Because fruits are high in sugar, portion sizes should be considered. For example: One small apple and one-quarter medium quince equal one serving of fruit.

In conclusion, as body mass index (BMI) increases in women, so does the risk of breast cancer. Therefore, maintaining an ideal weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and maintaining an adequate and balanced diet are crucial for the body's recovery and healing, as they are for other cancers.